Danger in the compost bin and more! | Lamoille Valley Veterinary Services (2024)

More of us are composting these days than ever before. We know that turning food waste into compost is great for the planet and helps to provides rich soil to be used in our gardens. What many do not know, however, is that compost can be highly toxic to dogs and other animals. To avoid this, food scraps should be plant based only (no meat or dairy) and placed in a secure compost bin or a fenced compost area. Dogs are highly attracted to compost and often do not hesitate to ingest some. Compost, and also spoiled garbage, is very dangerous to dogs due to fungi that grow in the decomposing plant or food material. These fungi produce tremorgenic mycotoxins. Tremorgenic = tremors/shaking and mycotoxin = poisonous fungus (mold).
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Even ingestion of a small amount of compost may cause poisoning. A dog might show symptoms in as little as 30 minutes to a few hours. Besides tremors, common symptoms include: agitation, increased temperature, vomiting, panting, drooling, difficulty walking and seizures.

If compost ingestion is known or suspected, it is important to contact your veterinarian immediately. Although there is no cure or antidote for compost poisoning, early supportive veterinary care will give your dog the best chance of a full recovery.

The veterinarian may administer activated charcoal to bind to the toxins, provide IV fluids to flush the toxin from the system and employ muscle relaxants or seizure medication to stop the tremors or seizures. The dog may also need to be cooled down to regulate its temperature. Most dogs will recover within 24 to 48 hours with prompt veterinary care; however, secondary complications can be dire or even fatal.

Compost is also highly toxic to cats, but cats are less likely to ingest compost. Even if you do not compost your food scraps, be on the alert for possible toxicity due to ingestion of garbage, moldy foods, or your dog possibly wandering out of sight and finding nearby compost.

Unrelated to compost, but highly toxic to dogs, is marijuana. Marijuana, which may be used by people for recreational or medical purposes, has become an increasing cause for concern in the veterinary community since its use has been legalized. Marijuana (Cannabis) contains cannabinoids, one of which is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Because dogs have far more cannabinoid receptors in their brains and throughout their bodies than humans do, a dog may be poisoned by ingesting even a small amount of THC. The most common route of THC poisoning is by ingestion. Dogs are likely to ingest edibles infused with THC such as gummies or brownies. Just like in humans, the THC must be activated by heating or cooking at high temperatures in a process called decarboxylation before it is able to bind to the receptors in the body and brain.The symptoms of THC toxicity vary but common ones include: sedation or agitation, difficulty walking, vomiting, dribbling urine, changes in body temperature, tremors and seizures. Symptoms may begin within 5 minutes to 12 hours depending on the amount ingested as well as the size of the dog.

Just like with compost poisoning, there is no antidote. Supportive care is given. THC is toxic to cats too, but again, like compost, cats are less likely to ingest it. When dogs ingest brownies or other chocolates with THC, there is also the additional concern of chocolate poisoning. It is extremely important, therefore, to provide your veterinarian with as much detailed history as possible so that the best possible care can be provided.

With both compost and marijuana, preventing access is key. All compost should be safely stored/fenced and all marijuana and THC edibles kept far out of reach of any pet. When ingestion is known or suspected, call your veterinarian immediately. Time is crucial and early supportive care is essential for a full recovery.

Danger in the compost bin and more! | Lamoille Valley Veterinary Services (1)

Written by Andi Levesque (and her dogs, pictured above)

Danger in the compost bin and more! | Lamoille Valley Veterinary Services (2024)

FAQs

What can you not put in a compost bin? ›

Composting Don'ts

Don't add fish, meat, dairy products, bones, baked goods, fatty foods or grease to your compost pile. These food scraps do not easily decompose and may attract animals. Don't use diseased plants or plants that are toxic to other plants.

Which items should you not put in your compost pile Quizlet? ›

plastic. The answer is D.

Why shouldn't you put onions in compost? ›

Onion peels seem like the ideal thing to put in your compost pile, but you might be surprised to know that these take longer to break down than other types of organic food matter. The naturally occuring chemicals in onion could be harmful to microorganisms in your pile, slowly down the process.

How often should I turn the compost tumbler? ›

As a rule of thumb, actively decomposing materials should be turned every three to four days. Materials with slowed microbial activity can be turned less often. In tumblers, turning two times a week resulted in higher temperature and faster decomposition than turning once a week or once every other week (Figure 1).

What vegetables not to put in compost? ›

What Fruits and Vegetables Can You Normally Not Compost?
  • Citrus Peels: Oranges, lemons, limes, and other citrus fruits have peels that can be slow to decompose and may make your compost too acidic, potentially harming plants.
  • Onions and Garlic: These can repel earthworms, a vital component of healthy compost.
Oct 5, 2023

Can you compost banana peels? ›

Yes, you definitely can. Bananas are organic matter and so are their peels, so feel free to include these in your compost materials. Your garden and the environment will thank you!

Which of the following items should not be put in a compost? ›

DON'T add meat scraps, bones, grease, whole eggs, or dairy products to the compost pile because they decompose slowly, cause odors, and can attract rodents. DON'T add pet feces or spent cat liter to the compost pile. DON'T add diseased plant material or weeds that have gone to seed.

What items on your list should go in the compost bin? ›

Put these in the compost bin:

Vegetable and fruit trimmings. Egg shells, bread, pasta, and coffee grounds. Non-shiny food-soiled paper and cardboard like pizza boxes, paper coffee filters, napkins, paper towels, brown paper bags, and paper plates.

Can you compost paper towels? ›

Can I place used paper towels, napkins, and tissue in my compost cart? Yes, absolutely. These items can be composted even if they are wet or stained with food, vegetable oil, or grease.

What fruit is ok for compost? ›

Composting apricots, avocados, mangos, nectarines, peaches,

The soft portion of fruits such as apricots, cherries, mangos, nectarines, and peaches like plums compost quickly if they have not been eaten at the table but the stones (pits) are hard and are most likely to survive the composting process.

Can orange peels go in compost? ›

Oranges are probably one of the most widely consumed citrus fruits and one of the best ones to compost. You can compost the entire fruit, including the peels, which will introduce good amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into your compost.

Do you water compost every day? ›

Add water regularly (at least once per week) Add water slowly and for longer durations (e.g., drip irrigation) Install drip irrigation below the surface of the pile to protect the moisture against the drying effects of the sun. Add water during the cool hours of the day (e.g., in the evening)

What happens if you don't turn your compost? ›

“A lot of the microbes in a compost pile are aerobic, meaning they need at least some air, [which] allows them to multiply, to breathe and to break down your compost faster,” says Guiliano. If you don't turn your compost enough, you'll notice it smells like ammonia.

What flowers should not be composted? ›

Types of Flowers or Flower Parts NOT to Add to Compost

Look for diseased or infested plant parts as well as those that are poisonous to pets. The diseased and infested plant parts are self-explanatory – you risk spreading the pathogens and pests if you add them to your compost.

What are 4 things we do not add to a compost heap? ›

DON'T add meat scraps, bones, grease, whole eggs, or dairy products to the compost pile because they decompose slowly, cause odors, and can attract rodents. DON'T add pet feces or spent cat liter to the compost pile. DON'T add diseased plant material or weeds that have gone to seed.

Can I compost orange peels? ›

Oranges are probably one of the most widely consumed citrus fruits and one of the best ones to compost. You can compost the entire fruit, including the peels, which will introduce good amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into your compost.

What are the do's and don'ts of composting? ›

Also throw some soil or old compost in to help introduce microbes. No need to add worms, they will find it on their own. For a backyard compost pile, don't put in things that will attract rodents and other animals. Meat, bones, fish, dairy products and bread should be saved for a municipal compost facility.

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